Gum Recession: Understanding, Treating, and Preventing

What is Gum Recession?

Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue surrounding your teeth pulls away, exposing the tooth roots. This can make your teeth more vulnerable to cavities and sensitivity. Gum recession can range from mild to severe and may affect one or multiple teeth. It can be caused by various factors such as aggressive brushing, smoking, periodontal disease, and genetics.

Who is Affected by Gum Recession?

Gum recession can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in those over 65. Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing gum recession, such as having periodontal disease, undergoing orthodontic treatment, using chewing tobacco, having piercings in the lip or tongue, or brushing teeth too vigorously.

Symptoms and Causes of Gum Recession

The most obvious symptom of gum recession is the exposure of tooth roots. Other warning signs include pain or discomfort near the gum line, sensitivity to heat, cold, and sweets, and sensitivity during brushing, flossing, and dental cleanings. Causes of gum recession include brushing too hard, plaque and tartar buildup, periodontal disease, trauma or injury to the gum tissue, abnormal tooth positioning, smoking, and piercings. Poor oral hygiene can contribute, but sometimes a genetic predisposition to thin gum tissue is the culprit.

Diagnosis and Tests for Gum Recession

Your dentist can diagnose gum recession during a routine examination by measuring the amount of gum recession on each tooth using a special instrument called a periodontal probe. They will also measure the periodontal pockets around each tooth to assess the extent of bone loss. Healthy pockets measure between 1 and 3 millimeters, while larger pockets indicate gum disease.

Management and Treatment of Gum Recession

Unfortunately, receding gums cannot grow back. However, you can take steps to prevent the condition from worsening and reduce sensitivity. Your dentist can apply fluoride varnish or other desensitizing agents, and you can use desensitizing toothpaste at home. The best toothpaste for gum recession contains active ingredients like potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride, arginine, and strontium chloride. Gum recession treatment depends on the cause. Mild cases may be improved with nonsurgical treatments like topical antibiotics, dental bonding, or orthodontics. Severe cases often require gum graft surgery.

Gum Graft Surgery

Gum graft surgery is a common and effective treatment option for gum recession. A periodontist typically performs this procedure, using a gum graft taken from the roof of your mouth or sterilized human donor tissue. The graft is stitched into place, and there are several types of gum grafting procedures to choose from. Recovery time varies depending on several factors, but most people feel back to normal in about two weeks after following the postoperative instructions closely.

Prevention of Gum Recession

While gum recession can't always be prevented, especially if you have a genetic predisposition, you can significantly reduce the risk by practicing proper teeth and gum care. This includes brushing thoroughly twice a day, flossing daily, using an antimicrobial mouthwash twice daily, following your dentist's recommendations for teeth cleanings, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, avoiding smoking and chewing tobacco, and seeing your dentist if you notice any signs of gum recession.

Outlook and Prognosis of Gum Recession

If you have mild gum recession, your dentist may try nonsurgical treatments. For moderate to severe gum recession, you may be referred to a periodontist or oral surgeon for a gum grafting consultation. Gum recession cannot be cured, but it can be managed successfully with proper treatment and care.

Living with Gum Recession

If you notice increased visibility of your tooth roots or increased tooth sensitivity, you may have gum recession. It's important to contact your dentist or periodontist promptly. Ask your dentist questions such as how advanced your gum recession is, what nonsurgical options are available, what type of gum grafting surgery is recommended, the chances of the recession returning, and how often you should have your teeth cleaned.

In conclusion, gum recession is a significant oral health concern that requires attention and proper care. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments can help you take proactive steps to protect your teeth and gums. By maintaining good oral hygiene and seeking timely dental care, you can minimize the impact of gum recession and preserve your oral health for the long term.